Regression on factors

Most of our intuitions about regression models come from the Gaussian standard linear model. One interesting feature is that, when we have a factor explanatory variable, the sum of predictions per class is the sum of observations of the endogeneous variable, per class. To be more specific, consider some factor variable https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?x_1\in\{0,1\}, and a regression model

https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?y_i=\beta_0+\beta_1%20\boldsymbol{1}(x_1=1)+\beta_2%20x_2+\varepsilon_i

Use ordinary least squares to fit that model

https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\widehat{y}_i=\widehat{\beta}_0+\widehat{\beta}_1%20\boldsymbol{1}(x_1=1)+\widehat{\beta}_2%20x_2

Then for all https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?x\in\{0,1\}

https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sum_{i:x_i=x}%20y_i%20=%20\sum_{i:x_i=x}%20\widehat{y}_i

> n=200
> X1=rep(0:1,each=n/2)
> set.seed(1)
> X2=runif(2*n)
> L=X1-X2
> B=data.frame(Y=rnorm(n,L),X1=as.factor(X1),X2=X2)
> pd=aggregate(x=B$Y,by=list(B$X1),mean)$x
> pd
[1] -0.4881735  0.5341301
> fit=lm(Y~X1+X2,data=B)
> B2=data.frame(x=B$X1,y=predict(fit))
> aggregate(x=B2$y,by=list(B2$x),mean)$x
[1] -0.4881735  0.5341301

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