John Snow, and Google Maps

In my previous post, I discussed how to use OpenStreetMaps (and standard plotting functions of R) to visualize John Snow’s dataset. But it is also possible to use Google Maps (and ggplot2 types of graphs).

library(ggmap)
get_london <- get_map(c(-.137,51.513), zoom=17)
london <- ggmap(get_london)

Again, the tricky part comes from the fact that the coordinate representation system, here, is not the same as the one used on Robin Wilson’s blog.

> library(maptools)
> setwd("/cholera/")
> deaths <- readShapePoints("Cholera_Deaths")
> head(deaths@coords)
coords.x1 coords.x2
0  529308.7  181031.4
1  529312.2  181025.2
2  529314.4  181020.3
3  529317.4  181014.3
4  529320.7  181007.9
5  529336.7  181006.0
> X <- deaths@coords

or, use d X_deaths.RData. So now, we have to change it

df_deaths <- data.frame(X)
library(sp)
library(rgdal)
coordinates(df_deaths)=~coords.x1+coords.x2
proj4string(df_deaths)=CRS("+init=epsg:27700") 
df_deaths = spTransform(df_deaths,CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84"))

Here, we have the same coordinate system as the one used in Google Maps. Now, we can add a layer, with the points,

london + geom_point(aes(x=coords.x1, y=coords.x2),data=data.frame(df_deaths@coords),col="red")

Again, it is possible to add the density, as an additional layer,

london + geom_point(aes(x=coords.x1, y=coords.x2), 
data=data.frame(df_deaths@coords),col="red")+
geom_density2d(data = data.frame(df_deaths@coords), 
aes(x = coords.x1, y=coords.x2), size = 0.3) + 
stat_density2d(data = data.frame(df_deaths@coords), 
aes(x = coords.x1, y=coords.x2,fill = ..level.., alpha = ..level..),size = 0.01, bins = 16, geom = "polygon") + scale_fill_gradient(low = "green", high = "red",guide = FALSE) + 
scale_alpha(range = c(0, 0.3), guide = FALSE)

 

John Snow, and OpenStreetMap

While I was working for a training on data visualization, I wanted to get a nice visual for John Snow’s cholera dataset. This dataset can actually be found in a great package of famous historical datasets.

library(HistData)
data(Snow.deaths)
data(Snow.streets)

One can easily visualize the deaths, on a simplified map, with the streets (here simple grey segments, see Vincent Arel-Bundock’s post)

plot(Snow.deaths[,c("x","y")], col="red", pch=19, cex=.7,xlab="", ylab="", xlim=c(3,20), ylim=c(3,20))
slist <- split(Snow.streets[,c("x","y")],as.factor(Snow.streets[,"street"]))
invisible(lapply(slist, lines, col="grey"))

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