Call:
lm(formula = y1 ~ x1)

Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept)   3.0001     1.1247   2.667  0.02573 *
x1            0.5001     0.1179   4.241  0.00217 **
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 1.237 on 9 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.6665,	Adjusted R-squared: 0.6295
F-statistic: 17.99 on 1 and 9 DF,  p-value: 0.00217

obtained from

> data(anscombe)
> reg1=lm(y1~x1,data=anscombe)

Can we say something if we look (only) at that output ? The intercept is significatively non-null, as well as the slope, the  is large (66%). It looks like we do have a nice model here. And in a perfect world, we might hope that data are coming from this kind of dataset,

But it might be possible to have completely different kinds of patterns. Actually, four differents sets of data are coming from Anscombe (1973). And that all those datasets are somehow equivalent: the ‘s have the same mean, and the same variance

> reg2b=lm(y2~x2+I(x2^2),data=anscombe)
> summary(reg2b)

Call:
lm(formula = y2 ~ x2 + I(x2^2), data = anscombe)

Residuals:
Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max
-0.0013287 -0.0011888 -0.0006294  0.0008741  0.0023776

Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) -5.9957343  0.0043299   -1385   <2e-16 ***
x2           2.7808392  0.0010401    2674   <2e-16 ***
I(x2^2)     -0.1267133  0.0000571   -2219   <2e-16 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 0.001672 on 8 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:     1,	Adjusted R-squared:     1
F-statistic: 7.378e+06 on 2 and 8 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Consider now the third one

> reg3=lm(y3~x3,data=anscombe)

i.e.

> summary(reg3)

Call:
lm(formula = y3 ~ x3, data = anscombe)

Residuals:
Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max
-1.1586 -0.6146 -0.2303  0.1540  3.2411

Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept)   3.0025     1.1245   2.670  0.02562 *
x3            0.4997     0.1179   4.239  0.00218 **
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 1.236 on 9 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.6663,	Adjusted R-squared: 0.6292
F-statistic: 17.97 on 1 and 9 DF,  p-value: 0.002176

This time, the linear model could have been perfect. The problem is one outlier. If we remove it, we have

> reg3b=lm(y3~x3,data=anscombe[-3,])
> summary(reg3b)

Call:
lm(formula = y3 ~ x3, data = anscombe[-3, ])

Residuals:
Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max
-0.0041558 -0.0022240  0.0000649  0.0018182  0.0050649

Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 4.0056494  0.0029242    1370   <2e-16 ***
x3          0.3453896  0.0003206    1077   <2e-16 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 0.003082 on 8 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:     1,	Adjusted R-squared:     1
F-statistic: 1.161e+06 on 1 and 8 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Finally consider

> reg4=lm(y4~x4,data=anscombe)

This time, there is an other kind of outlier, in ‘s, but again, the regression is exactly the same,

> summary(reg4)

Call:
lm(formula = y4 ~ x4, data = anscombe)

Residuals:
Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max
-1.751 -0.831  0.000  0.809  1.839

Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept)   3.0017     1.1239   2.671  0.02559 *
x4            0.4999     0.1178   4.243  0.00216 **
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 1.236 on 9 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.6667,	Adjusted R-squared: 0.6297
F-statistic:    18 on 1 and 9 DF,  p-value: 0.002165

The graph is here

So clearly, looking at the summary of a regression does not tell us anything… This is why we do spend some time on diagnostic, looking at graphs with the errors (the graphs above could be obtained only with one explanatory variable, while errors can be studied in any dimension): everything can be seen on thise graphs. E.g. for the first dataset,

or the second one

the third one

or the fourth one,